New findings presented at the 2025 American Physiology Summit reveal potential cardiovascular risks linked to erythritol, a popular artificial sweetener.
Erythritol’s Role in Popular Sugar-Free Products
Erythritol is widely used in sugar-free and reduced-calorie products such as Halo Top ice cream, Quest protein bars, and Vitaminwater Zero. Its approval by the FDA has led manufacturers to adopt it as a common sugar substitute, praised for its minimal calories and limited impact on blood glucose levels. However, recent research suggests that erythritol’s safety profile deserves closer scrutiny.
Emerging Science on Erythritol and Cardiovascular Risk
New studies indicate that erythritol may contribute to cellular changes increasing oxidative stress and impairing nitric oxide availability. Nitric oxide is crucial for maintaining blood vessel dilation and blood flow, and its reduction can lead to endothelial dysfunction. Such impairments in the endothelial cells lining the brain’s microvasculature elevate the possibility of heart attacks and strokes.
How Erythritol Affects Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells
Research demonstrated that erythritol exposure disrupts the health of brain microvascular endothelial cells by increasing oxidative stress markers. This perturbation appears to interfere with normal vascular function and potentially accelerates vascular aging. For consumers, especially those with pre-existing cardiovascular conditions, the implications could be significant.
Expert Opinions and Dietary Recommendations
Notable nutrition professionals and researchers, including Scott Keatley, RD, along with Drs. Christopher Yi and Cheng-Han Chen, have advised caution in erythritol consumption. Their guidance emphasizes that individuals at elevated cardiovascular risk ideally limit intake of erythritol-containing products to mitigate possible adverse health effects.
Implications for the Food and Beverage Industry
Businesses leveraging erythritol as a sugar alternative might need to reconsider product formulations in response to these findings. Adjusting ingredient lists or exploring alternative sweeteners could become necessary to align with evolving scientific evidence and maintain regulatory adherence. Additionally, marketing strategies may require updates to reflect new knowledge while retaining consumer trust.
Balancing Consumer Demand with Health Concerns
Consumers often seek low-sugar and calorie-conscious options, driving demand for erythritol-containing products. Food brands face the challenge of balancing innovation with safety, ensuring choices meet both taste expectations and health considerations. Transparent communication about ingredient benefits and risks can foster informed decision-making.
Future Research and Regulatory Outlook
Ongoing investigations into erythritol’s biological effects will help clarify its long-term safety profile. Regulatory bodies may review emerging data to adjust guidelines or labeling requirements. Meanwhile, staying informed about scientific updates supports both consumers and companies in navigating this complex landscape.
This developing understanding of erythritol underscores the importance of evaluating sugar substitutes beyond calorie content, focusing on their broader physiological impact—especially for cardiovascular health.